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4-Nitrophenol

4-Nitrophenol, also known as p-nitrophenol or 4-NP or Para Nitrophenol or PNP, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5NO3. It is a yellow crystalline solid.It is prepared by the hydrolysis reaction involving caustic soda and para-nitrochloro-benzene which undergoes further acidification with hydrochloric acid.

  • Chemical Formula : C6H5NO3
  • CAS No : 100-02-7
  • EC No : 202-811-7
  • Purity by Chemical Assay : Minimum 99.50%
  • Purity by Gas Chromatograph : Minimum 99.50%
  • Single Max Impurity : Maximum 0.10% by GC
  • Moisture Content % (By Karl Fischer) : Maximum 0.50%
  • Iron Content : Maximum 10 PPM
  • Packaging : The product is packaged as 50 kg net weight in HDPE woven bags with polyliner.

Application

One of the notable uses of 4-nitrophenol is as a reagent and indicator in analytical chemistry. It exhibits an intense gold to light yellow colour and is widely employed in spectrophotometric analysis for the quantification of various substances. Through specific chemical reactions, 4-nitrophenol forms coloured complexes with target analytes, allowing for precise measurements of concentration. This makes it a valuable tool in areas such as environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, and quality control in industries like food and beverage.

Another significant application of 4-nitrophenol lies in the field of chemical synthesis. It serves as an important intermediate in the production of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides. The compound's nitro group (-NO2) imparts reactivity and versatility, allowing for the introduction of functional groups and the synthesis of complex molecules. Additionally, 4-nitrophenol can be reduced to 4-aminophenol, which finds application in the production of analgesics like paracetamol (acetaminophen).

Furthermore, 4-nitrophenol has attracted attention in the field of biotechnology. It serves as a model compound for studying enzymatic reactions and exploring biocatalysis. Certain microorganisms possess enzymes capable of reducing 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, offering insights into biodegradation pathways and the development of bioremediation strategies. The study of 4-nitrophenol metabolism has also provided valuable information regarding the enzymatic mechanisms involved in xenobiotic degradation.

4-nitrophenol is used to manufacture pharmaceutical drugs, fungicides, methyl and ethyl parathion insecticides. It is also used to darken leather. Manufactured from 4-ntirophenol, 4-nitrophenyl chloroformatte is used to manufacture of APIs like Ritonavir. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

It is used as precursor to prepare phenetidine and acetophenetidine. Its carboxylate ester derivatives are involved as an active component for the construction of amide moieties in peptide synthesis

It is important to note that 4-nitrophenol, like many other chemical compounds, should be handled with care. It is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment and adherence to handling guidelines, should be followed to minimize risks associated with exposure to 4-nitrophenol.

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Packaging

The product is packed in HDPE woven bags with Net Weight of 50 kg and LDPE Liner inside for added protection.

The product can be packed in UN Approved bags / UN Approved HDPE Drums with Net Weight of 25 kg additional LDPE Liner inside for added protection.

Conclusion

In conclusion, 4-nitrophenol is a noteworthy chemical compound with diverse applications in analytical chemistry, chemical synthesis, environmental monitoring, and biotechnology. Its distinct properties and reactivity make it a valuable tool for various scientific and industrial endeavours. Ongoing research and development efforts continue to explore its potential and expand our understanding of its applications. As we delve deeper into the realm of chemical compounds, 4-nitrophenol stands as an important component, contributing to advancements in numerous fields and fostering innovation in scientific discovery.

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